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ADORs accomplish a variety of physiological effects in
2023-05-24
ADORs accomplish a variety of physiological effects in different tissues. In neurons, ADORs regulate the release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and glutamate (Ferré et al., 1992; Fredholm and Dunwiddie, 1988; Ginsborg and Hirst, 1972; Gonçalves et al., 2015; Quarta et al., 2004; Stella et al.
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Introduction Adenosine kinase ADK ATP adenosine
2023-05-24
Introduction Adenosine kinase (ADK; ATP: adenosine 5′-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.20), is isolated from yeast cells by Kornberg for the first time in 1951 [1]. ADK belongs to the ribokinase protein family and is one of the most abundant nucleoside kinases in mammalian tissues [2,3]. As the first i
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Targeting the BCR is the
2023-05-24
Targeting the BCR is the ideal strategy to identify the antigen reactive B cells. However, there is concern that B cells could be activated when BCR are bound and cross-linked by antigens, a possibility that is obviously negative for the treatment of autoimmune disease. Proby et al. (2000) tried to
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Introduction br This paper is a commentary on
2023-05-24
Introduction This paper is a commentary on the history of language among the Aché. What was language for the Aché prior to contact with Paraguayan society? How has the Aché language come to be endangered? Why is language such an important issue today? In exploring these questions I come to a slig
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A variety of quinazoline or fused pyrimidine substituted dia
2023-05-24
A variety of quinazoline or fused pyrimidine-substituted diaminotriazoles showed sub-100nM inhibition of Axl (). Diaminotriazoles similarly substituted with quinolines, isoquinolines and benzothiazoles also showed potent Axl activity (data not shown), but generally exhibited potent cytotoxicity and
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The skin permeability barrier is
2023-05-24
The skin permeability barrier is important for the prevention of loss of water and electrolytes from inside the body and for protection against the invasion of external pathogens, allergens, and harmful compounds. Multi-layered lipids, called lipid lamellae, are present in the outermost cell layer o
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XEN445 The most likely explanation for the species differenc
2023-05-24
The most likely explanation for the species differences in aromatase distribution and the unique XEN445 distribution in humans is the unique location, size and highly elaborate organization of the human aromatase gene (e.g. Bulun et al., 2003). The human Cyp19 is a large gene located on chromosome
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br Introduction O Dowd et al identified a gene
2023-05-24
Introduction O’Dowd et al. identified a gene very similar to angiotensin type-1 receptor in 1993 (O’Dowd et al., 1993). The specific selective ligand of this receptor called APJ receptor was determined by Tatemoto et al. in 1998 as apelin (Tatemoto et al., 1998). The high expression of apelin and
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Atypically BcALDH has a minor reducing activity for
2023-05-17
Atypically, BcALDH has a minor reducing activity for all-trans-retinal, which requires the binding of the reduced form of the NADP+ (NADPH) cofactor that is a side-product of the canonical oxidation activity of BcALDH. The reduction activity that converts all-trans-retinal to all-trans-retinol was r
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br Introduction Several studies have found that hypothalamic
2023-05-17
Introduction Several studies have found that hypothalamic Akt-mediated signaling pathways play critical roles in the regulation of food intake and pd98059 metabolism in mammals [[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]]. Central injections of the inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3- kinases (PI3 K, an upstream r
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That disassembling actin filaments transport chromosomes tow
2023-05-17
That disassembling BMS-907351 filaments transport chromosomes towards the spindle in oocytes may be surprising at first sight. On the other hand, it is well established that chromosome movement during anaphase is driven by the depolymerization of microtubules [20]. It will be interesting to investi
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In conclusion we have designed
2023-05-17
In conclusion, we have designed and synthesized a series of 4-phenyl-thiazole analogues as potent ATX inhibitors. Total twenty-five compounds were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity on ATX using FS-3 and human plasma assays. Compound was found to be the most potent derivative p
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br Dual role of autophagy in human diseases
2023-05-17
Dual role of autophagy in human diseases Emerging evidence suggests that autophagy serves as a double-edged sword in several human diseases, such as CNS diseases (Rubinsztein et al., 2015), arteriosclerosis (Schrijvers et al., 2011) and cancer (Ozpolat and Benbrook, 2015). Likewise, currently the
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br Perspective AA LA and other PUFAs and their
2023-05-17
Perspective AA, LA and other PUFAs and their lipid metabolites play an important role in human diseases. 12/15-LOX which is the metabolic enzyme of them plays an important role in the pathogenesis-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetic nephropathy, neurological diseases and other path
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From an historical perspective ligands for GPCRs adrenaline
2023-05-17
From an historical perspective, ligands for GPCRs (adrenaline, serotonin, N-Nonyldeoxynojirimycin or morphine, to name a few) have been identified before their receptor counterparts, at a time when the concept of receptor itself was controversial [15]. Although many cognate receptors for endogenous
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